1. Name of the location of 90% of epistaxis
2. A genetic disorder that forms AV malformations in the skin, lungs, brain etc
3. Name of posterior vascular plexus in the nasal cavity causing posterior epistaxis
4. 1st line treatment for all epistaxis
5. The common brand name for anterior nasal packing
6. Chemical used in cautery sticks
7. Physically scaring complication of posterior nasal packing with foleys catheter
Coming soon..
Otology History
As with all specialities a concise yet thorough history is paramount to ensure that no important information is missed. The format you have learned from day one enables this, however, taking a focused speciality history requires specific closed questions.
There are five main otological symptoms to consider when taking an otological history:
1. Otalgia (ear pain)
S ite (Where does the pain originate. Is it definitely the ear?)
O nset (When did the pain start? Gradual or sudden)
C haracter (What is the pain like? sharp, dull, stabbing)
R adiation (Does the pain radiate anywhere?)
A ssociations (Any other symptoms associated with the pain – e.g. headaches?)
T ime course (Does the pain follow a pattern?)
E xacerbating/relieving factors
S everity
2. Otorrhoea (ear discharge)
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Colour
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Contains mucus?
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Offensive smelling
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Volume +/- bleeding
3. Hearing loss
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Duration
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Side
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Fluctuation
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Onset
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Frequency
4. Tinnitus
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Pulsatile
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Buzzing / hissing
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Side (one side or both?)
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Impact on life (sleep, concentration, irritability)
5. Vertigo / imbalance
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Timings
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Triggers
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Associations
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Presence of neurological symptoms (particularly posterior fossa)