Administered as drops or a spray – fast acting, low systemic absorption

Sympathomimetics, therefore, act on alpha receptors of smooth muscle and cause vasoconstriction of blood vessels. Reduce oedema of nasal mucosa, more efficient airflow.

The main problem is rebound congestion due to secondary vasodilation with an increase in nasal congestion (Rhinitis Medicamentosa), so restricted to 7 days use

Can also damage cilia and affect clearance of mucus

Some systemic absorption possible – caution when using in patients with heart disease/hypertension/hyperthyroidism/narrow-angle glaucoma